How Do Cavities Form in Children?

Cavities form when the bacteria in the mouth produce acids that erode the tooth enamel. This process is influenced by several factors:

1. Bacteria and Plaque Formation: The mouth naturally harbors bacteria that form a sticky film called plaque on teeth. When children consume sugary or starchy foods, these bacteria feed on the sugars and produce acids.
2. Acid Attack: The acids produced by the bacteria attack the tooth enamel, the hard outer layer of the tooth, causing it to break down. Over time, repeated acid attacks can lead to the formation of cavities.
3. Diet: Frequent consumption of sugary snacks, drinks, and foods can accelerate the cavity formation process. Sticky and chewy foods are particularly harmful as they tend to cling to the teeth, providing a constant food source for bacteria.
4. Oral Hygiene: Poor oral hygiene practices, such as inadequate brushing and flossing, allow plaque to build up and increase the risk of cavities.
5. Mouth Breathing: Mouth breathing can cause cavities by drying out your mouth, which reduces the amount of saliva that cleans your teeth and prevents bacteria from growing. Saliva also protects tooth enamel and neutralizes acids. When your mouth is dry, bacteria can turn into acid that erodes your tooth enamel, and plaque acids can also damage your enamel. Studies have shown that people who breathe through their mouths at night have higher levels of acid in their mouths, which can lead to tooth decay and other oral health issues.

How to Prevent Cavities in Children

Preventing cavities is a crucial part of maintaining your child’s oral health. Here are some effective strategies:

1. Encourage Good Oral Hygiene Habits

• Brushing: Teach your child to brush their teeth at least twice a day using a hydroxyapatite toothpaste. Hydroxyapatite promotes remineralization of teeth which helps strengthen teeth. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and ensure they brush all surfaces of their teeth. Using an electric toothbrush is also a great way to ensure optimal cleaning.
• Flossing: Help your child floss daily to remove plaque and food particles from between the teeth and along the gumline. Flossing is the best way to prevent cavities that most commonly occur between teeth.
• Supervision: For younger children, supervise their brushing and flossing to ensure they are doing it correctly. It can be a fun activity for the parent and child to brush together!

2. Maintain a Healthy Diet

• Limit Sugary Foods and Drinks: Reduce your child’s intake of sugary snacks, candies, and beverages. Encourage healthier alternatives like fruits, vegetables, and water.
• Healthy Snacks: Offer nutritious snacks such as cheese, yogurt, nuts, and crunchy vegetables that promote good oral health.
  • Calcium-rich foods: dairy products, almonds, tofu, fish, leafy vegetables
  • Protein-rich foods: eggs, fish, meat, and poultry
  • Fruits and vegetables that are high in fiber
  • Foods rich in vitamins and minerals

3. Regular Dental Check-Ups

• Early Dental Visits: Schedule your child’s first dental visit by their first birthday or within six months of their first tooth erupting. Regular dental check-ups help in early detection and prevention of cavities.
• Professional Cleanings: Regular professional cleanings remove plaque and tartar that cannot be eliminated by brushing and flossing alone.

4. Hydroxyapatite Treatments

• Hydroxyapatite Varnish: Hydroxyapatite varnishes are an innovative, cleaner alternative to fluoride varnishes. It contains a naturally-occuring mineral (hydroxyapatite) that effectively remineralizes teeth.

5. Addressing Open Mouth Posture

• Preventative measures that enhance optimal facial development: Open mouth posture is often caused by oral ties, narrow palate, airway issues such as enlarged tonsils, and/or more. Seeing a dentist with an airway-focus such as Dr. Nora, allows for closer examination and personalized next steps.